High Blood Pressure High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, is a major health concern worldwide and a leading risk factor for heart disease, stroke, and kidney failure. It is often referred to as a “silent killer” because it may not show obvious symptoms until serious complications occur. While conventional treatments such as antihypertensive medications and lifestyle changes are essential, natural remedies like raw garlic cloves (Allium sativum) have gained attention for their potential to support cardiovascular health. Garlic, also known as Clove Garlic is part of the Lilliceae plant family. Garlic is a member of the onion family and is one of nature’s most multipurpose medicinal plants. Garlic, is used widely as a flavoring in cooking, but it has also been used as a medicine throughout ancient and modern account, it has been taken to prevent and treat a wide range of ailments and diseases (Labu & Rahman 2019).
Ried et al. (2013) explain that Garlic has been used for centuries in traditional medicine due to its anticoagulant (blood-thinning) and vasodilatory properties, which help in reducing blood pressure and improving circulation. This article explores what blood pressure is, its causes, the types of foods to avoid, the role of raw garlic cloves in blood pressure control, and precautionary measures when using garlic as a natural treatment.
Understanding Blood Pressure
Blood pressure is the force exerted by circulating blood against the walls of the arteries. It is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and expressed as two numbers: systolic pressure (pressure during heart contraction) and diastolic pressure (pressure during heart relaxation). A normal reading is typically around 120/80 mmHg, while consistent readings above 130/80 mmHg indicate hypertension (World Health Organization [WHO], 2023). High blood pressure increases the workload of the heart and arteries, leading to structural damage over time. If left unmanaged, it can result in heart failure, stroke, or chronic kidney disease.
Causes of High Blood Pressure
Several factors contribute to the development of hypertension, including both modifiable and non-modifiable factors. Non-modifiable causes include genetics, age, and family history, which increase susceptibility to hypertension. However, modifiable lifestyle factors are the most common contributors. These include high salt intake, obesity, lack of physical activity, chronic stress, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2023). A diet high in processed foods, saturated fats, and refined sugars promotes cholesterol buildup in arteries, causing arterial stiffness and narrowing, which raise blood pressure. Additionally, chronic stress triggers the release of adrenaline and cortisol, hormones that constrict blood vessels and increase heart rate, contributing further to hypertension (Carretero & Oparil, 2000).
Foods to Avoid to Prevent or Reduce High Blood Pressure
Diet plays a critical role in both the development and management of hypertension. To prevent or reduce high blood pressure, individuals should avoid foods high in sodium, such as processed meats, canned soups, and fast foods. Sodium causes the body to retain water, which increases blood volume and pressure on the arteries (American Heart Association [AHA], 2023). Similarly, foods high in saturated and trans fats, such as fried foods, butter, and baked pastries, should be limited because they contribute to cholesterol build up, leading to reduced arterial flexibility. Sugary beverages and refined carbohydrates can also elevate blood pressure by contributing to weight gain and insulin resistance (Appel et al., 2011).
Additionally, limiting alcohol and caffeine intake is important because both substances can cause temporary spikes in blood pressure. Instead, diets rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins, such as the DASH diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension), have been scientifically shown to lower blood pressure levels (Sacks et al., 2001).
The Role of Raw Garlic Cloves in Treating High Blood Pressure
Raw garlic cloves have powerful therapeutic properties that make them effective in controlling high blood pressure. The main active compound in garlic, allicin, is released when garlic is crushed or chopped (Labu & Rahman 2019). Allicin acts as a natural vasodilator, relaxing the smooth muscles of the arteries and allowing blood to flow more freely, thereby reducing pressure on arterial walls (Ried et al., 2016). Garlic also has anticoagulant properties, meaning it helps prevent blood clots by reducing platelet aggregation, this enhances blood circulation and lowers the risk of stroke and heart attack (Banerjee & Maulik, 2002).
Moreover, garlic’s antioxidant compounds reduce oxidative stress, which is a major contributor to endothelial dysfunction and hypertension. Regular consumption of raw garlic may also improve cholesterol profiles by lowering LDL which is bad cholesterol and triglyceride levels while slightly increasing HDL (good) cholesterol (Rahman & Lowe, 2006).
To gain maximum benefits, individuals can chew one to two raw cloves of garlic daily or crush the cloves and mix them with honey or warm water. This allows allicin to form and be absorbed efficiently. Cooking garlic reduces its allicin content, so consuming it raw is preferred for therapeutic purposes.
Preparation of Raw Garlic for Blood Pressure Management
To maximize garlic’s medicinal benefits, especially its blood-thinning and blood pressure–lowering properties, it should be consumed raw rather than cooked. The key compound responsible for these effects, allicin, is formed when garlic cloves are crushed, chopped, or chewed, activating the enzyme alliinase. Heating garlic destroys this enzyme and reduces allicin content, thereby diminishing its therapeutic value (Rahman & Lowe, 2006).
Here are some effective preparation methods:
Raw clove chewing
- Peel one or two fresh garlic cloves.
- Crush them lightly to release allicin.
- Wait for 5–10 minutes before chewing and swallowing with water or honey.
- Take once daily, preferably in the morning before breakfast.
Garlic and honey mixture
- Crush 2–3 garlic cloves and let them stand for 10 minutes.
- Mix with one tablespoon of raw honey.
- Consume on an empty stomach to reduce irritation and improve taste.
Garlic water or infusion
- Chop 2–3 garlic cloves and soak them in a glass of warm (not boiling) water for 10–15 minutes.
- Drink the infusion once daily.
- This method is milder on the stomach but still delivers active compounds.
Garlic in Lemon water.
- Mix crushed garlic with lemon juice and warm water.
- This combination may further support cardiovascular health through antioxidant effects (Ried et al., 2016).
Precautions When Using Garlic as a Natural Remedy
Although garlic is a natural and effective remedy, it should be used with caution. Excessive consumption can lead to gastrointestinal discomfort, including nausea, heartburn, and diarrhoea. Garlic’s blood-thinning properties, while beneficial, can pose risks for individuals taking anticoagulant or antiplatelet medications such as warfarin or aspirin, as it can increase the risk of bleeding (Rose et al., 2015). Pregnant or breastfeeding women should consult healthcare providers before using garlic in large amounts. People preparing for surgery are advised to discontinue garlic use at least two weeks before the procedure to avoid excessive bleeding (AHA, 2023).
Individuals with low blood pressure should be cautious with garlic consumption, as excessive intake may further lower blood pressure and contribute to hypotension (Ried, Toben, & Fakler, 2013). As with all herbal remedies, garlic should be used as a supportive therapy rather than a replacement for prescribed medication or professional medical advice. For maximum medicinal benefit, garlic should be crushed or chopped and allowed to rest for 5–10 minutes before consumption, a step that enables optimal formation of allicin, its key bioactive compound (Bayan, Koulivand, & Gorji, 2014). It is also recommended to avoid heating or frying garlic, as high temperatures significantly reduce allicin levels and weaken its therapeutic effects (Bayan et al., 2014). Beginners should start with small amounts, about half a clove per day, and gradually increase to 1–2 cloves to minimize gastrointestinal discomfort. Drinking plenty of water afterward can help reduce acidity and strong odor. Importantly, individuals taking anticoagulants, aspirin, or those preparing for surgery should seek medical advice before using garlic regularly, since its natural blood-thinning properties may increase bleeding risk (Ried et al., 2013).
In conclusion, high blood pressure remains one of the leading causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality globally. While genetics and age play roles, lifestyle factors such as diet, stress, and inactivity are the primary causes. Avoiding foods high in sodium, fat, and sugar can significantly reduce the risk of hypertension. Raw garlic cloves, rich in allicin and other bioactive compounds, offer a natural approach to managing blood pressure through their vasodilatory, antioxidant, and blood-thinning effects. However, despite their health benefits, garlic remedies must be used carefully, particularly for those on blood-thinning medications or with low blood pressure. A balanced diet, regular exercise, and proper medical guidance remain essential for long-term blood pressure management and overall cardiovascular health.
References
American Heart Association. (2023). How high blood pressure affects your health. https://www.heart.org
Appel, L. J., Brands, M. W., Daniels, S. R., Karanja, N., Elmer, P. J., & Sacks, F. M. (2011). Dietary approaches to prevent and treat hypertension: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Hypertension, 47(2), 296–308. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.HYP.0000202568.01167.B6
Bayan, L., Koulivand, P. H., & Gorji, A. (2014). Garlic: A review of potential therapeutic effects. Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine, 4(1), 1–14.
Banerjee, S. K., & Maulik, S. K. (2002). Effect of garlic on cardiovascular disorders: A review. Nutrition Journal, 1(1), 4. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-1-4
Carretero, O. A., & Oparil, S. (2000). Essential hypertension: Part I: Definition and etiology. Circulation, 101(3), 329–335. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.101.3.329
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023). High blood pressure: Facts and prevention. https://www.cdc.gov
Labu, Z. & Rahman, M. (2019). Proven Health Benefits of Garlic-A Review.
Rahman, K., & Lowe, G. M. (2006). Garlic and cardiovascular disease: A critical review. Journal of Nutrition, 136(3), 736S–740S. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/136.3.736S
Ried, K., Toben, C., & Fakler, P. (2016). Effect of garlic on blood pressure: Systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, 16(1), 13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-016-0212-9
Rose, K. D., Croissant, P. D., Parliament, C. F., & Levin, M. B. (2015). Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma with associated platelet dysfunction from excessive garlic ingestion: A case report.Neurosurgery, 26(5), 880–882. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006123-199005000-00031
World Health Organization. (2023). Hypertension fact sheet. https://www.who.int
